In separate lawsuits filed by estates of victims Yaron and Efrat Ungar, plaintiffs alleged the Palestinian Authority and the Islamic Republic of Iran provided material support and resources to Hamas. Yaron, an American citizen, and his wife, Efrat Ungar, were murdered on June 9, 1996 in Israel by Hamas terrorists. The court ruled in 2004 that Hamas and the Palestinian Authority owed the Ungars $116 million.